The researchers collected soil samples from different depths and analyzed them using statistical and geostatistical methods. They found that soil nutrients and water content varied across the field. Total nitrogen and organic matter increased with depth, while nitrate decreased. Nitrate levels had higher variability than total nitrogen and organic matter. Soil water content, total nitrogen, and organic matter were positively correlated, while nitrate and soil water content were negatively correlated. This information can help with precise fertilization and irrigation practices in red soil regions.