Dry-wet status affects surface water resources in the upper Weihe River. Data from 1971 to 2008 shows increasing temperatures and potential evapotranspiration. Precipitation varies, with evapotranspiration increasing more in summer. The aridity index rises over time, impacting surface water resources. Runoff decreases significantly, especially in the 1980s and 1990s. The aridity index is negatively correlated with runoff, suggesting human-induced factors may affect water resources in the region.