The study looked at soil salinity in Shule irrigated areas of Gansu by analyzing samples from different soil layers. They found that salt accumulation was significant in the surface soil layer, with variations in salinity distribution vertically. The surface layer had higher salinity levels compared to the middle and bottom layers. The composition of soil salinity included cations like Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+ and anions like SO42-, Cl-, HCO-, CO32-. The study also found a positive correlation between cations and anions with electrical conductivity (EC), with Na+ and SO42- being the main ions.