The study investigated heavy metal pollution in Maixi River sediments to understand its ecological risk. Samples were collected and analyzed for Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, and As. Results showed Hg pollution was the most severe, regardless of the standard used. The vertical distribution of Hg increased and then decreased with sediment depth, while other metals remained relatively stable. The ecological risk index indicated a high level of risk, with Hg, Cd, and Cu posing the greatest threat. Overall, the study found that heavy metal pollution in Maixi River sediments is a serious concern for the environment.