The study looked at how using effective microorganisms (EM) on rice and wheat straw can improve crop growth and yield. By applying EM to the straw, both rice and wheat yields increased, especially when a lot of straw was returned to the soil. The best way to use EM on wheat straw was by plowing it into the soil before planting rice seedlings. EM helps the straw decompose quickly and keeps soil nutrients at good levels.