Researchers studied different methods to improve the treatment of urban wastewater for reuse. They tested using microfiltration membranes alone and in combination with activated carbon or coagulation. Results showed that using membranes alone had limited effectiveness, but combining them with activated carbon greatly improved the removal of pollutants. The combination with coagulation was also effective in removing certain pollutants. Overall, combining different pretreatment methods with microfiltration membranes resulted in better water quality and reduced pollution.