Soil erosion on the Loess Plateau is worsened by heavy rainfall, causing damage to slopes and landslides. An indoor model experiment was conducted to study the effects of rainfall on bare loess slopes. The study found that water infiltration rates were low, leading to erosion and landslides. Cracks formed on the slope, causing displacement and eventual collapse. Erosion progressed from sheer erosion to gully erosion, deep erosion, and lateral erosion. The entire slope moved downward as erosion occurred, leading to landslides from the bottom to the top of the slope.