Short-term no-tillage in soybean fields improves soil water stability and aggregate content. No-tillage increases mean weight diameter and geometric weight diameter. No interactions between tillage and fertilization were found. No-tillage increases soil bulk density and decreases soil porosity and water content in the topsoil. Fertilization mainly affects capillary water content. Tillage practices have a greater impact on soil properties compared to fertilization. Tillage practices do not significantly affect soil water properties below 10 cm depth.