The study looked at how different forms and levels of nitrogen affect the growth of maize plants under water-logging stress. They found that plants supplied with low levels of ammonium-nitrogen grew better than those with high levels. Water-logging stress had a greater impact on the roots of nitrate-treated plants compared to their shoots. Ammonium-nitrogen did not significantly affect nutrient uptake, but increased nitrogen content and decreased potassium content in the roots. In contrast, higher nitrate-nitrogen levels led to increased uptake and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in maize plants under water-logging stress.