Heavy rainfall patterns leading to severe erosion on farmland hillslopes
Rainfall patterns affect soil erosion on hillslope farmland in Northeast China's black soil region. Different rainfall intensities and timings can lead to varying levels of runoff and soil loss. Peak-type rainfall causes the highest runoff, while Reduced-type rainfall results in the most soil loss. The position of intense rainfall within a pattern influences runoff and soil erosion rates. Early heavy rainfall leads to higher soil loss, while mid or late-stage intense rainfall increases runoff. The Reduced-type rainfall pattern is most erosive in this region, causing severe soil erosion on hillslope farmland.