The study looked at how different types of disturbances, like grazing and nutrient addition, affect plant diversity in alpine meadows. They found that adding nutrients decreased species diversity, while moderate grazing increased plant complexity. Heavy grazing led to low diversity, and light disturbance also resulted in lower diversity. The diversity indices increased in the order of nutrient addition, enclosure, heavy grazing, and moderate grazing. Different disturbances affected the types of plants present and their diversity within functional groups. Overall, the type of disturbance had varying effects on species composition, diversity, and ecosystem functioning in alpine meadows.