The research looked at how sustainable cultivated land in Henan Province, China is by using the ecological footprint model. They found that from 1998 to 2007, the province had more ecological capacity than needed, showing a surplus. This means the land use was sustainable and the surplus increased after 2003. They also studied the ecological demand and supply in different areas of the province in 2007, finding that cultivated land in those areas was sustainable. Zhumadian City had the highest surplus, while Nanyang City had the highest ecological footprint per person. The findings suggest that the province can ensure an increase in grain yield.