Water management in the Heihe River Basin has evolved over time, with historical changes impacting policies and practices. The main focus has been on improving water resource laws, management rules, and environmental protection measures. Population growth, land development, and water disputes have driven these changes. In 2 A.D., the population was 88,700 with a water utilization rate of 10.1%, while in the Qing Dynasty, the population grew to 529,100 with a utilization rate of 28.2%. These findings highlight the importance of adapting water management strategies to meet the needs of a growing population and changing environment.