The Chishui River Basin is facing problems like declining water resources, reduced forest cover, water pollution, and damage to biodiversity due to development and urbanization. To protect rare fish and the environment for Maotai liquor production, an ecological compensation mechanism is proposed. This involves clarifying who should compensate, what should be compensated, and how, based on sustainable development principles. The goal is to balance responsibilities, rights, and interests fairly, with government guidance and market participation. The aim is to ensure long-term protection of the ecosystem.