The researchers studied how different tree species in the Loess Plateau adapt to the local climate by measuring their photosynthetic rates and transpiration rates. They found that the trees had high light saturation points and used light more efficiently than shrubs. Poplar trees had higher photosynthetic rates than other species. The stomatal conductance and CO2 concentration of trees were higher than shrubs, leading to higher transpiration rates. Poplar trees also had higher water use efficiencies compared to other species. Overall, the study shows how different tree species in the region cope with environmental factors to thrive in the wind-water erosion crisscross area of the Loess Plateau.