Fertilizer application significantly increased the biomass, population quantity, and grain yield of strong-gluten wheat in an irrigated area. The best combination of N, P, and K fertilizers led to the highest yields. Adding K fertilizer helped with biomass accumulation, while adding P and K fertilizers increased population quantity. The best treatment resulted in a 19.1% increase in yield compared to common practices. The yield from the best treatment was 4.44kg per kg of fertilizer, which was 1.6 times higher than the average yield of all treatments.