This study looked at how the timing of planting and the closeness of plants affect the amount and quality of winter wheat. They found that planting winter wheat later led to lower yield and fewer kernels per ear, as well as lighter kernels. However, the protein and gluten content increased, making the dough better. When the plants were closer together at the start, the protein and gluten content increased initially but then decreased as the density continued to rise. So, adjusting when and how close the seeds are planted can impact both the amount and quality of winter wheat we harvest.