The water cycle in northwest China's inland river basins has unique characteristics, with water resources forming in mountains and disappearing in plains. This cycle is closely linked to the ecosystem, creating a water-ecology system. The Tarim River, Heihe River, and Shiyang River are examples of these basins, facing water, ecological, and management challenges. To address these issues, sustainable development strategies were suggested to balance water resources, ecology, and the economy in these regions.