Long-term fertilization boosts crop yield by 43% in black soil.
The study found that not using fertilizer for a long time decreased crop yield by 8.2%. Using only organic fertilizer increased yield by 9.6%, while using only chemical fertilizer increased it by 31.6%. Combining organic and chemical fertilizers increased yield by 43.0% after 24 years. The most effective fertilization order for crop yield was wheat, corn, soybean. The most effective chemical fertilizer order was nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.