The article discusses how human activities are harming the water ecology of the Yangtze River Basin. It looks at the history and current state of the water ecology in different parts of the basin. The researchers analyze how protection strategies have evolved over time, from focusing on single species to protecting the entire ecosystem. They also highlight the shift from reacting to problems to actively preventing them. The study emphasizes the importance of planning in protecting the water ecology of the Yangtze River Basin.