The study looked at how different types and amounts of fertilizers affect cabbage growth and the environment in a cold zone. They tested six treatments in vegetable fields, including organic and conventional fertilizers with varying nitrogen levels. Results showed that all fertilizers increased cabbage production, with reduced nitrogen by 20% leading to the highest increase. Organic fertilizer had the lowest nitrogen use efficiency, while reduced nitrogen treatments reduced inorganic nitrogen in the soil and leaching loss. Excessive nitrogen and improper phosphorus and potassium ratios led to nutrient accumulation and leaching. Overall, reducing nitrogen by 20% was the most beneficial for crop nutrient absorption and efficiency, while a 60% reduction decreased crop yield.