In this study, researchers investigated how dexamethasone can protect the lungs from injury caused by a substance called lipopolysaccharide in rats. They divided the rats into different groups and gave them either dexamethasone, lipopolysaccharide, or both. By analyzing lung fluid, they found that dexamethasone reduced inflammatory markers like TNF-α, IL-1β, and MIP-2 compared to the control group and the lipopolysaccharide-only group. The lung damage was also less severe in the group that received dexamethasone before lipopolysaccharide. This suggests that dexamethasone can help prevent lung injury by reducing inflammation in response to lipopolysaccharide exposure.