Landcover changes in the Niqiu and Keluo river watersheds affect runoff volume differently. In Niqiu river, more precipitation leads to less surface runoff due to decreased forest cover reducing evaporation. Excess water is stored in mire wetlands. In Keluo river, decreased forest area increases surface runoff. Forest changes have a bigger impact on runoff than farmland changes. The relationship between landcover changes and river runoff is complex, with marsh changes having the most significant effect overall.