The researchers studied pollution and ecological risks from heavy metals in the sediment of Baiyangdian Lake. They found high levels of Cd and Pb, with Cd posing a strong ecological risk and Pb a moderate one. Pollution was worse in the upper reaches and areas with dense populations and intensive farming. Sediment closer to the surface was more polluted than deeper layers. Some sites, like Anxin bridge and South Liu Village, were more polluted than others. The pollution has worsened in recent years, especially at the lake bottom. The researchers suggest measures to address the pollution in Baiyangdian Lake.