Land consolidation aims to make better use of land and improve productivity, but it also affects the environment. Researchers analyzed how land consolidation projects impact ecosystem services. They looked at economic models to value ecological benefits and compared different methods for assessing these benefits. The study highlighted the positive and negative effects of land consolidation on various ecosystem services. The researchers also discussed the importance of ecological assessment and landscape design in land consolidation. Overall, the study identified challenges in valuing ecosystem services in current land consolidation systems and suggested future trends for improvement.