The study looked at how different ways of growing winter wheat affect the amount of water and nitrogen in the soil. They found that using plastic or straw mulching increased soil moisture, while adding nitrogen fertilizer decreased it. The levels of nitrogen in the soil changed throughout the growing season, with straw mulching leading to higher nitrogen levels in the soil. Overall, the way winter wheat is grown can impact soil moisture and nitrogen levels, with mulching methods and nitrogen fertilizer playing key roles.