The study looked at how different traits in upland rice plants affect the amount of rice they produce. They found that traits like the number of filled grains per panicle, seed setting rate, total grains per panicle, leaf length, and panicle length are closely linked to higher grain yield. The research showed that longer leaf length, more effective panicles per plant, higher seed setting rate, and more filled grains per plant have a positive impact on grain yield. This means that breeding programs for high-yield upland rice should focus on these traits to increase production.