The study looked at how soil nutrients change when using straw mulching and irrigation for growing winter wheat and summer maize. Straw mulching increased organic matter in both crops, while irrigation had mixed effects. In winter wheat, irrigation decreased nitrogen content, but straw mulching decreased it even more. Available phosphorus increased with straw mulching and irrigation. Available potassium also increased with straw mulching. For summer maize, irrigating during winter wheat growth increased potassium content.