The study looked at using a special membrane made of polyvinyl alcohol to clean water with tiny pollutants. They tested two methods: one where the water goes through the membrane directly, and another where they added a cleaning step before. The second method worked better, making the water cleaner and keeping the membrane from getting dirty. They found that this method removed 98.1% of dirt, 86.1% of a certain type of organic material, and 67.5% of ammonia. In conclusion, adding a cleaning step before using the membrane is a good way to make water cleaner and the method could be useful for many people.