The researchers studied the sedimentary layers in a specific area of the Liaohe Basin. They used detailed analysis of core samples, logs, and seismic data to identify different layers within the rock formations. They found that the area had six larger layers and twelve smaller layers. Different types of sediment, like fan deltas and lacustrine facies, were present in the rock layers. The best sediment for holding oil and gas was found in the middle and lower sections of the rock formations.