The article assesses surface water quality in China, looking at pollution sources, chemical characteristics, and current water quality. The researchers analyzed various aspects, including sediment pollution, drinking water sources, and water quality trends. They found that both point and non-point pollution sources contribute to water pollution, and identified areas with good water quality. The study also highlighted issues like sediment pollution and toxic substances in water. Overall, the assessment provides valuable insights for managing and protecting China's surface water resources in the future.