The study looked at how different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, combined with straw incorporation, affect rice yield and economic benefits in the Taihu Lake region. They tested five levels of nitrogen fertilizer with straw, finding that rice yield initially increased with more nitrogen but then decreased. The optimal nitrogen rate for the best yield and economic benefits was around 218-223 kg per hectare. This approach not only boosted rice yield and economic returns but also improved nitrogen use efficiency.