The study looked at how using different types of fertilizer and planting wheat at different densities affects the types and amount of weeds that grow in the field. They found that applying nitrogen fertilizer increased weed biomass, with the most weeds growing when low levels of nitrogen were used. Applying phosphorus fertilizer also increased weed biomass, with the most weeds growing when only phosphorus was used. Weeds also grew more when wheat was planted at a lower density. This shows that by using nitrogen fertilizer and planting wheat at a higher density, farmers can control weed growth and help their crops grow better.