Ammonia emissions from rice fields threaten environment in lower Liaohe River Plain.
The study measured ammonia release from a rice field after nitrogen fertilizer application in different water conditions. Results showed significant ammonia release, with higher levels under waterlogged conditions. Ammonia release peaked 2-4 days after fertilization, with the most loss during the tillering stage. The total loss ranged from 11.64-34.01 kg N per hectare, accounting for 4.66%-11.66% of applied nitrogen. Water condition and nitrogen application rate were key factors influencing ammonia release, with higher rates leading to more loss. Overall, waterlogged conditions increased ammonia release compared to non-waterlogged conditions.