The article discusses how econometric models are used to study the economic effects of Social Security. Researchers use these models to forecast future trends, simulate policy changes, and test hypotheses. They focus on the economic structure underlying Social Security by creating specific models for the program, analyzing the U.S. economy on a large scale, and examining specific issues with single equations. The main goal is to understand how Social Security impacts the economy, and the key findings show that econometric models are valuable tools for this type of analysis.