Tax renegotiations, customs corruption, and gender inequality in MENA economies.
Citizens in the Middle East and North Africa demanded better governance, jobs, and fair treatment in a widespread movement. The study looked at how laws are enforced in Morocco, Tunisia, and Jordan, focusing on taxation, customs, and land inheritance. It found that influential taxpayers in Morocco can renegotiate tax obligations, corruption persists in Tunisia's customs despite reforms, and women in Jordan are often denied property rights. Understanding these issues can help policymakers create better laws for social justice, economic growth, and stability.