The study looked at what factors affect how much money companies make in Egypt. They studied 78 companies on the stock market. They found that factors affecting profits were more important for service companies than for production companies. Younger companies were more affected by these factors than older ones. When risks were low, factors had a bigger impact on profits. Companies with separate roles for leaders had clearer profit factors. Companies with bigger boards had clearer profit factors too. The study suggests advice for investors and company decision-makers.