Supplier involvement boosts productivity in developing integrated product service systems.
Product service systems combine products and services for better efficiency. Involving suppliers in developing these systems boosts productivity. Planning services with supplier input is crucial in this process. For CNC machine tools, involving suppliers is necessary due to the system's complexity. The researchers created a model for developing CNC machine tool product service systems with supplier involvement. They then determined maintenance services based on a blueprint and planned for recycling and remanufacturing parts.