The researchers analyzed the quality of drinking water in twenty villages in Kheda District, Gujarat, India. They measured various factors like temperature, pH, and levels of different substances in the water. The results showed that the water quality was poor in some areas, mainly due to high levels of phosphate and nitrate from fertilizers and pesticides. These substances can be harmful if consumed in excess. Overall, the water was suitable for drinking and irrigation, but the levels of phosphate and nitrate were higher than recommended. The study was conducted in 2012-2013 to assess the water quality index.