Shrubs in Mediterranean forests boost oak seedling survival and growth.
Shrubs help oak seedlings grow in pine forests. Researchers studied two types of oak trees in France. They found that oak seedlings did better in areas with deeper soil. One type of oak tree was better at surviving than the other. In tough conditions, shrubs helped oak seedlings survive. In better conditions, shrubs affected oak tree growth differently. Overall, shrubs can help oak trees grow in pine forests, especially in harsh conditions.