Soil is made up of minerals, organic matter, water, and air, which affect its texture and structure. These properties influence how air and water move through the soil, impacting its quality. Soil texture, determined by the sizes of sand, silt, and clay particles, is crucial. The relative amounts of these particles decide if soil is clay, loam, sandy loam, or another type. The size of particles affects water retention in the soil. Overall, soil physicochemical properties play a significant role in determining soil quality.