This paper explores how electricity trading and power exchanges have evolved in Europe after the electricity market was opened up to competition. It looks at how these changes have influenced the creation of a single European electricity market. The researchers analyzed how electricity trading has developed over time and how power exchanges play a role in connecting different markets. They also identified the main obstacles to trading electricity across Europe and making a truly unified market. The study highlights that electricity trading and power exchanges are crucial in the effort to build a common electricity marketplace in Europe.