The fishery sector in the EU is facing challenges in terms of sustainability, with overcapacity and overfishing threatening fish stocks and ecosystems. This impacts food availability and the livelihoods of many people who depend on fishing. The Mediterranean area relies on small pelagic fish for nutrition and cultural significance, but catches have been declining. A new Common Fishery Policy is being developed to focus on sustainable resource management and coastal development. It is crucial to transition from outdated resource management to a comprehensive strategy that considers environmental, economic, and social aspects of fisheries.