Researchers studied how growing maize and pigeonpea together in different row proportions and population levels affects yield and income under rainfed conditions. They found that planting maize and pigeonpea in a 4:2 row ratio with a higher pigeonpea population resulted in the highest maize equivalent yield, net returns, and benefit-cost ratio compared to other planting ratios. While intercropping reduced the yield of individual crops, the combined yield and income from both crops were higher than growing them separately.