The article discusses distributed database systems made up of multiple databases stored on different computers connected through a network. It explains that these systems rely on passing messages between the computers to coordinate activities. This method is managed by a Database Management System (DBMS), which controls vast collections of data. Key points in the study include the benefits and drawbacks of distributed databases, as well as concepts like replication and fragmentation within these systems. The researchers focus on exploring how distributed databases work and highlight potential issues that could arise when using them.