The article discusses the quality of sediment and water in river catchments. It explores how GIS technology helps model hydrology, the impact of nitrate leaching, and the regulation of thermal conditions. The study also looks at sediment dynamics, sources, and environmental impacts, including the dispersal of metals from mining activities. Additionally, it examines the identification of sediment sources and sinks, erosion processes, and the transport of radionuclides in catchment systems. The research provides insights into erosion patterns, sediment yield in different regions, and the dynamics of sediment in mountain rivers.