The study looked at how planting fewer wheat seeds and giving extra water during flowering affects wheat grain yield and protein quality. They used a special nitrogen tracer to see how much nitrogen ended up in the grains and proteins. Planting fewer seeds didn't change the amount of wheat produced. Giving more water increased grain yield, but lowered protein quality by reducing gluten protein content. The nitrogen tracer was found in similar amounts in grains and proteins, regardless of planting density.