Rural households in Jiangxi, China rely more on non-agricultural income than on farming. Labor wages make up most of their income. The gap between rich and poor households is higher for agricultural and non-agricultural income than for total income. Factors like education, skills, and job opportunities greatly affect household income. To help farmers earn more and reduce rural poverty, they need better education, off-farm skills, and job information. Encouraging farmers to improve their skills and find work in cities can also boost their income.