The study looked at whether a renewable fuel standard for biofuels can help reduce climate costs. They found that the standard can lead to a decrease in fossil fuel extraction and total fuel consumption, which could lower climate costs. Even if biofuel emissions are high, the standard may still have positive climate effects. However, if only some countries adopt the standard, there may be carbon leakage to other countries. Overall, implementing a renewable fuel standard could help delay global fossil fuel extraction and potentially reduce climate costs.