Rationally optional actions can now be morally motivated, Kantian theory revolutionized.
Kantians have trouble explaining how actions fulfilling imperfect duties can be morally motivated. Many believe that actions done from duty are necessary, but some duties are optional. This means that some optional actions, like acts of kindness, can't be done out of duty. The paper suggests a new way to define rational necessity, where actions are necessary if the reasons for doing them don't depend on personal feelings. This means that even optional actions can be morally motivated.